With apps and activity trackers measuring every step people take, every morsel they eat, and each symptom or pain, patients commonly arrive at doctor’s offices armed with minutely detailed data they’ve been collecting about themselves.
But, health care providers lack the capacity or tools to review five years of Fitbit logs or instantaneously interpret data from dozens of lifestyle, fitness, or food tracking apps that a patient might have on a phone.
And patients who ask providers to make sense of their self-tracked data or spreadsheets are often disappointed by the reaction—or the lack of one.
That finding is based on a survey of 211 patients and interviews with 21 doctors, dietitians, and other health care providers about their expectations for how patients’ self-tracking data should be shared and used.
“We’ve heard doctors say more and more that people bring this data into the clinic and they’re just overwhelmed by it,” says lead author Christina Chung, a doctoral student in human centered design and engineering at the University of Washington.
“When you’re managing chronic disease or symptoms, day-to-day lifestyle tracking data can be useful, but doctors don’t have a way to use these data efficiently and effectively.”
The research team—which includes physicians, computer scientists, and engineers—is exploring ways to make self-tracking data more clinically useful and to help health care providers and patients collaboratively engage with it, including:
- Develop tools to visualize, summarize, and annotate self-tracking data.
- Design methods to help analyze and explore data.
- Help clinicians understand which tracking tools can best support different goals.
- Encourage doctors to explain how they want patients to track behaviors, and why.
- Help patients verbally explain or integrate information for their providers, rather than simply sharing raw data.
- Clearly outline expectations for how the data will be shared and used by both parties.
TOO MUCH INFORMATION
For the study, which will be presented this month at the Association for Computing Machinery’s conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing , the team surveyed patients and providers who manage irritable bowel syndrome or overweight and obese patients—conditions that commonly involve tracking aspects of food consumption, lifestyle behaviors, and symptoms.
Providers who asked patients to keep paper diaries or suggested specific tracking tools often found the resulting information helpful in collaboratively diagnosing triggers or arriving at effective treatments.
That was largely because those providers had designed and refined those processes over time to elicit useful information and track the most relevant patient behavior. Providers also found it helpful to make notes in the patients’ paper diaries or forms, and then physically review them together. These notes also served as a record of the visit for patients after they left to go home.
Doctors reported being more challenged by data-tracking efforts that patients initiated. An app that a patient found in the Apple store, or wearable activity trackers like Fitbit or Microsoft Band suggested by a friend, may track extraneous information or summarize the data in a way that’s not relevant for that health concern.
It’s also important that the data be credible, which requires studies or validation that show a provider that they can trust the technology’s analysis, says coauthor Jasmine Zia, an attending physician and assistant professor in the gastroenterolody division.
“As a provider you feel pressured because you want to help and interpret the data that people are bringing you, but every format is different and none of the data is validated,” Zia says.
“One thing I’d say to app developers is that there really needs to be a summary page that’s quick to look at and can be interpreted in two to five minutes. Right now patients just print out logs and that doesn’t work.”
Patients, however, often become quite immersed in their personal data once they begin tracking it, says coauthor Sean Munson, assistant professor of human centered design and engineering.
Patients who shared self-tracking data with providers wanted their doctors to have a complete picture of their daily life, to help them make sense of the data, to use it in developing personalized treatment plans, and to be rewarded for their hard work in keeping those logs.
A LITTLE ONE-ON-ONE GOES A LONG WAY
“Once patients start tracking data, they often see every day as a success or struggle. And people want their doctors to engage with it at that level, but that is totally impractical in the amount of time providers have,” Munson says.
But interviewees reported that showing even a little bit of personalization and responsiveness to the data—whether it was looking at reports or listening to a patient interpret what trends he or she thought were important—could help build rapport and convince patients to follow through on the provider’s advice.
As one patient put it: “He (the doctor) just skimmed through it very quickly … but it was helpful in our relationship because I have some problems that were a little different than the normal patient. … From that information, he went, ‘Oh, this is a little different, we can treat this.’ It made a substantial improvement.”
The US Department of Health and Human Services’ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Intel Corp, and the National Science Foundation funded the work.
Source: University of Washington and Futurity.org
